Discussion board reply Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Conversation board answer - Assignment Example I accept that associations should open the occupations for everybody by expelling the limiting proviso old enough. This would advance equivalent open doors for individuals from different foundation and help enrollment officials get the most ideally equipped candidate for the activity. It is inaccurate to state that target enrolling zeroes in on those select candidates well on the way to have the aptitude, information and intrigue required for the employment opportunities in light of the fact that there are better and more pleasant approaches to enlist candidates who fit best to the activity (Bagley, Dalton * Ortegren, 2013). Online employment form is one of the best methods of publicizing the activity and getting applications from candidates from various foundation who may fit the activity determination. In addition, web based promoting additionally encourages screening and calling for interviews just those up-and-comers who satisfy work particulars. Target enlistment advances prejudicial practices and consequently ought to be kept away from by associations. In the current occasions of rising joblessness, target enlistment denies qualified competitors of the openings for work. In that capacity, it ought not be energized and government should think of rigid measure s to deter the act of target

Introduction of Information Security Systems Cis4385 Essay Example

Presentation of Information Security Systems Cis4385 Essay Example Presentation of Information Security Systems Cis4385 Essay Presentation of Information Security Systems Cis4385 Essay 1. Which if the accompanying IPv6 address type is doled out to numerous interfaces yet bundles might be conveyed to one? a. Multicast b. Anycast c. Unicast d. Communicate Grade:1 User Responses:b. Anycast Feedback:a. An anycast address is allocated to a gathering of interfaces on numerous hubs. Parcels are conveyed to the â€Å"first† interface as it were. 2. Switches work at which OSI layer? a. Physical b. Transport c. System d. Meeting Grade:1 User Responses:c. System Feedback:a. Switches work at the system layer settling on steering choices dependent on IP addresses. 3. Which of coming up next is certifiably not a private IPv4 address? Pick all that apply. a. 192. 168. 5. 60 b. 172. 25. 6. 4 c. 10. 0. 6. 5 d. 26. 68. 6. 1 Grade:1 User Responses:d. 26. 68. 6. 1 Feedback:a. The private IP address ranges are as per the following. IP Class Assigned Range Class A 10. 0. 0. 0-10. 255. 255. 255 Class B 172. 16. 0. 0-172. 31. 255. 255 Class C 192. 168. 0. 0-192. 168. 255. 255 4. What is a server that assesses Internet demands from LAN gadgets against a set called? a. Intermediary b. Firewall c. Burden balancer d. NAT server Grade:1 User Responses:a. Intermediary Feedback:a. A server that assesses Internet demands from LAN gadgets against a lot of rules is known as an intermediary server. NAT servers perform private to open location interpretation; load balancers oversee traffic between group has; and a firewall channels traffic dependent on get to control records. 5. Which sort of gadget keeps up consciousness of the status of associations, in this manner forestalling IP ridiculing assaults? a. Stateless bundle sifting firewall b. Stateful bundle separating firewall c. NAT channel d. Application-level entryway Grade:1 User Responses:b. Stateful bundle separating firewall Feedback:a. A stateful parcel sifting firewall is one that screens the condition of every association by looking at the header of every bundle. A stateless bundle separating firewall doesn't do this. NAT channels perform just private-to-open location interpretation. An application-level door gives security to a particular application, for example, FTP. 6. Which of the accompanying firewall administrations works at the meeting layer of the OSI model? a. Application layer entryway b. Stateful separating c. NAT d. Circuit-level entryway Grade:0 User Responses:c. NAT Feedback:a. Circuit-level passages work at the Session Layer of the OSI display and apply security systems when a TCP or UDP association is built up; they go about as a go between for the Transport and Application Layers in TCP/IP. After the association has been made, parcels can stream between the hosts moving forward without any more checking. Circuit-level portals conceal data about the private system, yet they don't channel singular bundles. 7. Which of coming up next are the two primary elements of an intermediary server? a. Reserving of website pages b. NAT c. Area validation d. DHCP Grade:1 User Responses:a. Storing of web pages,c. Area validation Feedback:a. An intermediary server makes sure about a system by keeping machines behind it unknown; it does this using NAT. It additionally improves web execution by reserving site pages from servers on the Internet for a set measure of time. b. An intermediary server makes sure about a system by keeping machines behind it unknown; it does this using NAT. It additionally improves web execution by reserving site pages from servers on the Internet for a set measure of time. 8. Which of the accompanying gadgets can recognize yet not forestall assaults over the who le system? a. NIDS b. Host-based IDS c. NIPS d. Convention Analyzer Grade:1 User Responses:a. NIDS Feedback:a. System Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) identify yet don't forestall assaults over the whole system. Host-based IDS can secure just the host on which it is introduced. System Intrusion Protection Systems (NIPS) can recognize and forestall assaults over the whole system. A Protocol Analyzer can catch traffic yet not follow up on it. 9. When a NIPs squares genuine traffic, what is it known as? a. Bogus negative b. Genuine negative c. Bogus positive d. Genuine positive Grade:1 User Responses:c. Bogus positive Feedback:a. A hindering of traffic is a positive activity, and when it is because of real traffic, it is viewed as a bogus activity; along these lines it is a bogus positive. A bogus negative would be the point at which a move isn't made on traffic that isn't authentic. The other two choices are ordinary activities; a genuine negative is the permitting of authentic traffic, though a genuine positive is the hindering of ill-conceived traffic. 10. Which of the accompanying sorts of NIPS responds to activities that go amiss from a standard? a. Mark based b. Heuristic c. Inconsistency based d. Bit blocker Grade:1 User Responses:c. Abnormality based Feedback:a. Irregularity based NIPS perceives traffic that is strange and reports it. Mark based NIPs are designed with the marks of assaults. Heuristics searches for designs in the rush hour gridlock, though bit blocker is a not a sort of NIPs. 1. Which of the accompanying frameworks endeavor to stop the spillage of secret information, frequently focusing on correspondences? a. DHCP b. DNS c. DLP d. STP Grade:1 User Responses:c. DLP Feedback:a. Information misfortune anticipation (DLP) frameworks are intended to ensure information by method of substance review. They are intended to stop the spillage of class ified information, frequently focusing on correspondences. In that capacity, they are frequently additionally alluded to as information spill avoidance (DLP) gadgets, data spill anticipation (ILP) gadgets, and expulsion counteraction frameworks. In any case, they are proposed to be utilized to shield information from spilling past a PC framework or arrange and into undesirable hands. 12. At the point when an organization purchases fire protection they are ____________ chance. a. tolerating b. staying away from c. moving d. decreasing Grade:1 User Responses:c. moving Feedback:a. It is conceivable to move some hazard to an outsider. A case of hazard transference (otherwise called chance sharing) would be an association that buys protection for a gathering of servers in a datacenter. The association despite everything assumes the danger of losing information on account of server disappointment, robbery, and calamity, yet moves the danger of losing the cash those servers are worth for the situation they are lost. 13. Which of the accompanying procedures square outside records that utilization JavaScript or pictures from stacking into the program? a. URL separating b. Content separating c. Malware investigation d. Boycotts Grade:1 User Responses:b. Content sifting Feedback:a. Content sifting is a procedure that squares outer documents that utilization JavaScript or pictures from stacking into the program. URL sifting squares pages dependent on the URL. Malware assessment searches for malware dependent on a mark record, and boycotts are things to be denied by spam channels. 14. Which of the accompanying moves ought NOT be made for the default account on a system gadget? a. Erase it. b. Change the secret word. c. Impair it. d. Leave it with no guarantees. Grade:1 User Responses:d. Leave it with no guarantees. Feedback:a. The default account has a notable username and secret word, so it ought to be either erased or debilitated, or at least its secret key ought to be changed. 15. Firewall rules are ordinarily situated in everything except which of the accompanying? a. IP tends to b. Macintosh tends to c. Port numbers . Content sort Grade:1 User Responses:d. Content sort Feedback:a. Firewall rules are ordinarily founded on IP addresses, MAC locations, or port numbers, yet they can't channel for content. 16. Which of coming up next is the objective of a twofold labeling assault? a. VPNs b. VLANs c. Impact areas d. DMZs Grade:1 User Respo nses:b. VLANs Feedback:a. A twofold labeling assault can empower the aggressor to see traffic from various VLANs. 17. A system made to permit access to assets from the Internet, while keeping up partition from the interior system is known as a ______? a. VPN b. VLAN c. Honeypot d. DMZ Grade:1 Client Responses:d. DMZ Feedback:a. When discussing PC security, a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is an uncommon zone of the system (here and there alluded to as a subnetwork) that houses servers which have data gotten to by customers or different systems on the Internet, however which doesn't permit access to the inside system. 18. In what manner can access to the remote administration of a switch be secured? a. Content separating b. Leg tendons c. Firewalls d. IPS Grade:0 User Responses:c. Firewalls Feedback:a. Remote access to a switch is normally done by means of Telnet or SSH. The port utilized (vty line) can be made sure about utilizing an entrance control list. Different choices would all be able to be utilized to help secure switches yet not get to the remote administration work. 19. You have to permit access from your system to all sites. What port numbers ought to be opened in the firewall? Pick all that apply. a. 25 b. 443 c. 80 d. 119 e. 22 f. 23 Grade:1 User Responses:c. 80 Feedback:a. HTTP and HTTPS are the two administrations you have to permit access to utilize ports 80 and 443 individually. 20. Which of the accompanying moderation strategies can forestall MAC flooding? a. Secure VLANs b. Forestall ICMP reactions c. 802. 1x d. 802. 1q Grade:1 User Responses:c. 802. 1x Feedback:a. Macintosh flooding, which includes overpowering the memory of the switch with MAC outlines sourced from various MAC addresses, can be forestalled by requiring confirmation on each port through 802. 1x. Secure VLANs can't forestall this in light of the fact that the casings don’t need to enter a VLAN to cause the issue. ICMP is at Layer 3, these edges are at Layer 2, and 802. 1q is a VLAN labeling convention that doesn't keep outlines from entering the switch through access ports. 21. Which of the accompanying assaults can't be moderated with a flood watch? a. Smurf assault b. Fraggle c. Tear assault d. Meeting robbery Grade:1 User Responses:d. Meeting robbery Feedback:a. The smurf, fraggle, and tear assaults all include sending a floo

The Effects of Racism A Reading List

The Effects of Racism A Reading List There is no debate: the past eight years in particular have publicly showcased the difficulties facing black people living in the United States of America. A multi-layered, interconnected system of oppression terrorizes, devalues, and marginalizes black people all across this country. This system is as old as America itself, however, and the past eight years have only brought to public attention what black people and black chroniclers have discussed in person and on the page for centuries. Because of racism’s stranglehold on black life, the work of black writers is often marked by their desire to examine and deconstruct it. It is very difficult for people who were not born black to imagine the severe realities of living beneath of American subjugation, but, as always, books can provide a path to understanding. Each of these books discusses in ways simple and complex the routine lived experiences of people whose existence is attacked on all sides by racism and discrimination.   The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness Michelle Alexander Many Americans believe that racial discrimination ended decades ago, and that our country has been blessedly free of the racialized violence that marked our darker days. However, legal scholar Michelle Alexander argues the exact opposite in her seminal book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. In The New Jim Crow, Alexander lays bare the lie that America’s systems are fair and just, instead revealing that the War on Drugs and other positions that lead to harsher policing and prison sentencing for communities of color are intentional, and an extension of the Jim Crow laws that made it possible to openly discriminate against black Americans. Alexander evokes the impassivity of data and facts to make her case, and it is one that will shed a light on many of the reasons why black Americans are taking to the streets in protest. Citizen: An American Lyric Claudia Rankine Claudia Rankine’s Citizen is impressive in its ability to make racism accessible, even relevant, to people who may not otherwise suffer its effects. It uses various forms, including essays, poetry, and images, to powerfully present how racism infects every facet of our society and colors our individual and collective viewpoints. Citizen is at times very personal, and can strike uncomfortably close: “You are you even before you grow into understanding you are not anyone, worthless, not worth you. Even as your own weight insists you are here, fighting off the weight of nonexistence.” But to truly understand those afflicted by America racism is to live their discomfort, even in the smallest of fractions. Citizen will help readers to shoulder this burden. Negroland: A Memoir Margo Jefferson One of the things that American racism excels at is flattening the lives and experiences of black Americans. Margo Jefferson’s Negroland is a deep, close look at the lives and society of black Americans who enjoy some small measure of privilege through their accumulation of wealth, status, and power. This examination of the lives of the “black elite”, their societies, and their idiosyncrasies is a compelling thorn in our national narrative surrounding black Americans. Devil in a Blue Dress Walter Mosley In Walter Mosley’s Easy Rawlins books, structural inequality is a supporting character. In Devil in a Blue Dress specifically, we are treated to scenes where Easy is at the mercy of American anti-black racism via interactions with white people, including police and racist teenagers. Easy’s examinations of power and humanity are spot on, and he generally to use his wits and body to survive the physical and psychological torment of racism. Devil in a Blue Dress is fiction, but Mosley’s recreation of Los Angeles in the early 1950’s is very faithful, and Easy’s inner dialogue gives insight into the everyday calculus that goes into navigating spaces where open racism can mean the death of you or someone that you love. Between the World and Me TaNehisi Coates Between the World and Me is, by Coates’ own admission, a version of James Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time for the updated era. The book takes the form of a letter to Coates’ son, and is a scathing indictment of American racism. Coates’ view of America and of the racism that is the very fabric of this country is not glossy, or hopeful. Between the World and Me does not attempt to be a liberation manual, full of hope and change rhetoric. Instead, it lays the truth of American subjugation bare, and raises uncomfortable questions about the future of both America and the myth of its dream. Coates does not attempt to provide the reader answers for these questions. Instead, he forces the reader to consider thembut even then, there are no clear answers or solutions. How to Slowly Kill Yourself and Others in America Kiese Laymon Published two years prior to Between the World and Me, Kiese Laymon’s How to Slowly Kill Yourself and Others in America is a no-holds barred gut check, a lyrical explosion of essays that deftly tackles a myriad of subjects salient to the black American experience. Laymon impressively illustrates the rigor of living life in America as one of its devalued citizens (#BlackLivesMatter) who is constantly reminded of their precarious status. How to Slowly Kill Yourself and Others in America is full of Laymon’s voice and character, and Laymon’s searing examinations of the American thesis via a close look at the suffering of black Americans and the shortcomings of white Americans will readers want to look away. They shouldn’t. Pushout: The Criminalization of Black Girls in Schools Monique W. Morris So much of the discussion surrounding police violence focuses on black American men, but we must remember that women and girls are also disproportionately affected by race-based policing policies.  In  Pushout,  Morris uses the stories of various black girls and women, including Claudette Colvin’s (the woman who disrupted Montgomery’s bus system before Rosa Parks) who was labeled as undesirable by elders in her community because of her dark skin, feisty temper, and pregnancy. Morris describes how same kinds of racial and gender biases have only increased in the present day, and have led to black girls and women being labeled as undesirable for traits that are acceptable (or even desirable) when displayed by women of other races. Morris centers the voices and experiences of black women as a challenge to readers who have internalized these problematic beliefs about black girls and women. Nighthawk (#1-#3) David F. Walker If the #BlackLivesMatter movement had a representative superhero, Nighthawk would be it. Allow me to quote myself, if it’s not bad form: I’ve recently become a fan of Marvel’s Nighthawk, a black character whose story is written by a black man (David F. Walker). In a time of political turmoil and trauma for black comic book readers, Nighthawk’s unflinching dedication to meeting those who would perpetrate and serve as the face of systemic oppression with all of the power and precision at his command is cathartic, because so often, we are made to feel powerless by these same systems. Nighthawk uses his wealth and business savvy to fight gentrification, housing segregation, and cultural assimilation. He uses his connections to find and employ the best people who are most often overlooked because of who they areâ€"in this case, Doctor Tilda Johnson (aka Nightshadeâ€"who’s thankfully wearing a lab coat, a new haircut, and Jordans in place of that awful leather bikini). He uses his fighting prowess and ultraviolence to take out white supremacists and crooked cops, in a series of shots that is as politically aware as it is satisfyingâ€"who among us doesn’t wish that we had the strength to remove our oppressor’s boot from our neck? Nighthawk is a vision of a world where Black Americans have the power to combat racial terror with their fists. What a time to be alive.    

Essay about Autumn Rhythm by Jackson Pollock - 558 Words

Essay Critique on Autumn Rhythm By Jackson Pollock I have chosen to critique the art masterpiece, Autumn Rhythm. Autumn Rhythm is oil on canvas, 8 9 x 17 3. It is my opinion, before you can critique Autumn Rhythm; you must try to understand the artist and his/her background. Artist Jackson Pollock was from a working class family who lived and worked in Wyoming, Arizona, and southern California. He studied at two different art schools; Manual Arts High School in Los Angeles and the Art Students League in New York, he also studied with several other great artists during his time. However the artist experienced some dark days in his life. The artist fought the demon of alcoholism, and came face to face with his addiction.†¦show more content†¦Thus, the masterpiece, Autumn Rhythm, is easier for us to understand why Jackson Pollock became a leading Abstract Expressionist in the early 1950s. Pollock used the technique of action painting or gesturalism. In October of 1950 Pollock produced this non-objected artwork by strange ly pouring and dripping paint on an unscratched canvas that was lying on a flat floor in a barn he used as his studio. With its colors of black, white, and turquoise all forming webs and lines, Autumn Rhythm is a action work of art that causes your eyes to never stop moving over the canvas. The elements that I see in Autumn Rhythm are line becomes shape, which the shape would be called scribbling in toddler talk. Webbing is another description I would use to describe the technique of design. The elements of texture and color are powerful, with the strong black, brown, touches white and turquoise you can almost feel the paints jumping out at you. The elements of value and space in also seen in the way the colors go from dark, light, thick to thin; I get the feeling the lines are moving out of control in motion and want to move off the canvas into the unknown. An uncontrolled and controlled process was one of principles that Jackson Pollock used to acquire balance in Autumn Rhythm. In other words, he did have aShow MoreRelatedAutumn Rhythm, By Robert Rauschenberg, And Marilyn Diptych1243 Words   |  5 Pagesthat makes us all humans. Through the discussion of Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) by Jackson Pollock, I will define Abstract Expression and why this work is part of this movement. Then, through the discussion of Canyon by Robert Rauschenberg, Target with Plaster Casts by Jasper Johns, and Marilyn Diptych by Andy Warhol, I will explain Assemblage and Pop Art and why each of these works belong to those movements. Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) is Jackson Pollock’s most famous piece that shows action paintingRead MoreArt As A Driving Force For The Abstract Of Art940 Words   |  4 Pagesneed to be representational. Jackson Pollock was an influential American painter who became a driving force for the abstract expression movement. His belief that his art comes from within was an impetrative idea behind his style. His beliefs have a huge impact on how I view art, create art, and inspired me for my final piece. Pollock was born in Cody, Wyoming in 1912. His father, LeRoy Pollock, was a farmer who raised his children in Arizona and Chico, California. Pollock was heavily influenced byRead MoreInterpretive Essay : Art Museum Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding about abstraction is quite limited. However, after our discussion and lecture about Abstract Expressionism, I found myself drawn to the picture of the Sea Change by Jackson Pollock that presented at the Seattle Art Museum (SAM) and have learned more about abstraction aspect through his paintings. Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) is one of the most famous American abstract expressionist painters from the 1940s and 1950s. He s also known as the Jack the Dripper for his unique style of dripRead MoreJackson Pollock Essay2268 Words   |  10 PagesThe dominant figure that steered the course of the Abstract Expressionist movement was the infamous painter Jackson Pollock. He was born Paul Jackson Pollock in Cody, Wyoming on January 28, 1912. He was the fifth and youngest son and grew up in Arizona and California after his family left him when he was a little over one year old. Pollocks artistic journey began at the Manual Arts School in Los Angeles, California where he joined two of his brothers. From there, he went on to New York to attendRead MoreMy Study Of Landscapes And Landscape Theory1637 Words   |  7 Pagesunpredictability of nature over a landscape. In my previous project I began my study of landscapes by focussing on our everyday surrounding and variances in landscapes being dependant on individuals social and cultural differences. In Landscape Theory, Jackson suggests landscapes are ‘embedded in the practical uses of the physical world’ and that they ‘emerge from specific geographical, social and cultural circumstances’ (DeLue and Elkins, 2008). This led me to assess how I can develop and focus my studyRead MoreArt And Abstract Art : Renaissance Art1113 Words   |  5 Pagesnor action. Yet surrealism obtains subjects based on reality structure unusually. Hannah Höch displays example of surrealism with his work â€Å"The Multi-Millionaire† (Art Forms 11th Edition pg. 413). In addition, Jackson demonstrates Abstract expressionism with his work Pollock Autumn Rhythm† (Art Forms 11th Edition pg. 434). Although abstract expressionism and surrealism share qualities they are different sty les. Question #8, 15 points Earthworks is relevant work concerning society in relation

Labour Changed the Face of Britain Between the Years of...

Between 1945 and 1951 the Labour Government changed the face of Britain. Discuss. Between the years 1945 and 1951 the entire shape of Britains economy, society and government changed. After World War 2, Britain was left in economic and financial depression. Countries such as Japan and Germany, left in utter ruin from the war, ironically, were able to rebuild their economies faster, and better than we could improve ours. It was felt that a great change was required in Britain, and perhaps it was that feeling that led to the fall of the conservatives and the beginning of one of the greatest governments in Englands history. The Atlee government of 45-51 has perhaps been slightly overlooked due to comparisons to the war time leader-†¦show more content†¦Atlees Government, as well as creating change, also focused on other aspects of society he felt the labour party could improve. Acts such as the Education Act of 1944 and the Family Allowance Act of 1945, were only truly implemented under Atlees Government despite being introduced during the war. These two laws focused on the fairness of Childrens lives, compulsory and free education and payments to Mothers who could not afford to support all of their children- better known now as Benefits. These reforms were perhaps not a social revolution, as they did not seem to change things specifically, rather, improve and build on what was already in existence. People of the time, although all the more happy for it, seemed to agree that it was not a revolution. In regards to Labour changing the face of Britain, I think, concerning The Welfare State the very fact it is still the basis , essence of our Countrys policies today, and that no party has abolished nor disputed the need for it, is testament to its significance. Labour brought about change in other areas too, such as the rather urgent and dyer issue of the economy. The key issues Labour were to introduce were Nationalisation and Keynesian economics. Labour felt is was any governments, and so their right to direct and control key aspects of BritainsShow MoreRelatedHistory Grade 10 Exam Review6476 Words   |  26 Pagesprevent Germany from getting more European territory * Winston Churchill: 1940- 1955 * British PM * Asked Canada to send troops for the battle of Hong Kong * Franklin Roosevelt: 1933- 1945 * President of US * Created the New Deal in 1935 * Harry Truman: 1945- 1953 * President of US * Used atomic bomb * Joseph Stalin: 1922- 1952 * Leady of the Soviet Union * Dictator * Louis St. Laurent: 1948- 1957 * Liberal *Read MoreTrade Unions in Malawi13087 Words   |  53 Pageshistory have shaped the growth and development of trade unions. 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But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008)Read MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pagesof Laborers is issued in England, requiring people to remain on their home manors and work for whatever lords want to pay. Begging and Almsgiving is outlawed except for the aged and those unable to work. For the first time, a distinction is made between the worthy poor (the aged, handicapped, widows, and dependant children), and the unworthy poor (able-bodied but unemployed adults). Henry VIII in England broke from the Roman church. 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Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate

Best Practices and the SDLC Free Essays

It has long been accepted that constant change is fundamental to IT. While most IT managers understand that change is part of the norm, the organizations that employ them often resist it. Successful IT development calls for having a clear blueprint for proper IT direction of an organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Practices and the SDLC or any similar topic only for you Order Now By using a System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model and sound best practice methods, an IT manager can define that blueprint and make the best possible IT decisions. According to http://www. bigpedia. comthe SDLC relates to models or methodologies that people use to develop systems, generally computer systems. A number of SDLC models have been created: waterfall, fountain, spiral, build and fix, and rapid prototyping. There is not a definitive correct model, but most models will include the following steps or at least a variation. The first step is the projects planning stage, in this stage the project manager (PM) decides which SDLC model to use. The PM will also survey and gather information in regards to the current team’s skill and experience, any concerns or issues perceived by upper management, such as cost, and a process for following up the work agreement. The next step is the analysis of the system. During the system analysis the PM breaks down the entire project in to small pieces and assigns each department their applicable tasks. This step is where the plan is finalized and the PM begins to move onto the systems design. Understanding the systems design is essential to developing the system. At this step, each department head devises a plan on how their section can help develop the system. In the third step, the architectural design, these individual plans are spliced together to form the completed plan. Also during this step the work of building the system takes place. The PM’s focus shifts from planning the project to managing the development of the project. During the next step, the testing of the system takes place. This will ensure that all the bugs and flaws are removed before the deployment of the system. During the deployment step the system is used for its intended purpose. As with all systems the final step, is the maintenance of the system, which last for as long as the system is used. During this step, routine maintenance is performed to include updates. Either during or after the development of a system, certain methods or techniques are discovered to be better than other nes. In the IT industry, these ideas are sometimes called best practices. In a book titled â€Å"Electronic Government† by Jack Rabin best practices are described as an idea that suggests that there is a technique, method, or process that is more effective at delivering a desired outcome. The idea is that with proper processes, procedures, and testing, a desired outcome can be delivered with fewer problems. Best practices can also be defined as the most proficient and effective way of accomplishing a task, based on principles used repeatedly by numerous people. Best practices are a way for a company to create standardization within their operating procedures. A great example of a best practice was displayed by Sprint recently. In August of 2008, Sprint created a guide to the infrastructure management layer to automate and speed the production of resources from within their data centers. By creating this guide, they were able to quickly manage, back up, and produce their data sets associated with each test environment build. As a result, Sprint has improved customer satisfaction, reducing the time it takes to fill requests. Another example of a best practice was in 2004 the Air Force decided that it need it network administrators (admins) to pass quality checks before allowing them to operate on Air Force domains. Each Air Force base decided to test their network admins differently. This created a lot of confusion and large amounts of money for each Air Force base because they acted independently. Therefore, the Air Force decided to open a best practice suggestion program, which allowed each Air Force base to submit their procedures for quality checking their network admins. Less than six months after the process started, the best practice tag was awarded to Eglin Air Force Base in Fort Walton Beach, Fl. They were allowed to implement their procedures Air Force wide. In the end, Eglin saved the Air Force six million dollars with its best practice procedures. As the term best practice has become more popular, some organizations have begun using best practices to refer to what are in fact rules, causing creativity to hamper. This will never be the case with Google. Google believes that giving their employees freedom to move about the company without middle management following them around has actually prompted creativity. In a interview with CBS News Sunday Morning, Google CEO Sergey Brin explained that Google provides free gourmet breakfast, lunch and dinner—all prepared by gourmet chefs. They get free medical care, daycare, and there is even a massage chair in the lobby. All of these benefits spur creativity, which has made Google one of the World Wide Web pioneers. Google does not use best practice because they are too rigid and do not allow employees to â€Å"think outside the box†. Some best practices are needed though. This was the case with Microsoft and Netscape. They used a synchronize and stabilize method created by David Yoffie and Michael Cusumano to orchestrate a massive overseeing and managing of source code. This method allowed the two corporations to work efficiently in a parallel. During their research, they found that both companies were doing very similar tasks nightly. By creating a best practice model both companies could use they reduced production time by 15 %. Best practices along with the SDLC can help lay a great foundation for IT development. There are no set rules or guidelines for IT development. However, there is a certain structure that most successful IT projects have in common. The first step to planning a good IT project is the project selection. During this process the PM must analyze if there is a need for the system. Does someone already have a system similar that the team could use or buy? After this step if the justification for the system is still necessary, then the team must move onto the next step, which is the planning of project controls. According to the paper Indentifying Best Practices in Information Technology Project Management, project controls are defined as an estimate, estimating, and budgeting. The estimate considers how many resources are needed to accomplish this project, the act of estimating is combining the results of post project reviews, metrics, consultation, and informed assessment to arrive at time and resource requirements for an activity, and budgeting is the total cost of the project. Following this evaluation, you should assemble the team. It is important to compile a team that will be effective to the specific project. The team must understand the project goals and expectations. The next step is accessing the stakeholder’s involvement in the project. The stakeholder can be anyone from the management of the company to an actual customer. Some stakeholders will want as much control as the PM while other, will be hands off allowing the PM to make all the decisions. These guidelines are not all inclusive but they are a start to developing a successful IT project. Designing a good IT development project takes time and an excellent PM. There are many good models to follow, like the Arkansas best practices model. These models give a small or unorganized company the structure it needs to develop a good plan. If you follows these models along with a good SDLC you will be well on your way to creating a solid project. These two models can lay the foundation you need for a successful blueprint. How to cite Best Practices and the SDLC, Papers

Explanation of Leonardo da Vincis life and work as an artist Essay Example For Students

Explanation of Leonardo da Vincis life and work as an artist Essay The objective of this essay is to provide an explanation of Leonardo da Vincis life and work as an artist in context with his time spent in Milan. Following an initial introduction to Leonardos formative years in Florence and his apprenticeship to the sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio, 1435-88, I will attempt to explain the significance of his presence in Milan with detailed descriptions of his work there. Giorgio Vasari 1511-74 was also an artist and architect, but is perhaps better known for his book on the lives of well known painters, sculptors and architects published 1550; from Cimbue to his autobiography which was included in a revised edition: Vasaris book offers his personal evaluation of the works of these artists, as well as discussions on the state of the arts. His easy, natural writing style helped to make his book one of the most enduring of art histories. We will write a custom essay on Explanation of Leonardo da Vincis life and work as an artist specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now His reflections on Leonardos life include insight specifically relating to his unusual character and the intellectual merit of his lifes work. Using this evidence I hope to provide valid observations on Leonardos significance as a father of the High Renaissance. Leonardo who was christened Lionardo, the name to which Vasari refers was born near the small town of Vinci on 15th April 1452. The town was situated in the Florentine province of Italy, where his father, Ser Piero was a notary. According to Vasari, Leonardo was somewhat of a child prodigy in his studies, but he showed little commitment to one single area, constantly finding new interests in other subjects: Thus in arithmetic, during the few months that he studied it, he made such progress that he frequently confounded his master by continually raising doubts and difficulties. He devoted some time to music à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Yet though he studied so many different things, he never neglected design and working in relief, those being the things which appealed to his fancy more than any other. Being very conscious of his sons talents, Ser Piero moved to Florence with Leonardo and his wife not Leonardos mother, as he was illegitimate and never took his fathers name to utilise them professionally. Being a friend of the artist and sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio 1435-88, Ser Piero convinced him to recruit Leonardo as an apprentice by the promise shown in his work. Verrocchio strongly encouraged da Vinci, and his admiration of his students talents convinced Verrocchio to allow Leonardo to participate in the creation of his own paintings and sculptures. According to Vasari, Leonardo was highly skilled in many fields of design, he prepared many architectural plans and elevations, and he was the first, though so young, to propose a navigable canal of the Arno River from Pisa to Florence. Vasari talks at length on the subject of Leonardos early drawing skills, delving with some depth into the aptitude of his draughtsmanship, often indicating that his works were executed like a master, which he became officially in 1478. Drawing may have been a craft in which he gleaned experience directly from Verrocchio, whos own biography by Vasari states: His drawings were made with great patience and knowledge, among which are heads of women, with graceful manner and hair arrangements that, because of their exceeding beauty, Lionardo da Vinci always imitated. Although in 1472 he entered the San Luca guild of painters in Florence, which would indicate that he had attained a degree of professional independence, he remained with Andrea del Verrocchi o until 1480. Of his earliest works, one that he painted as an assistant is the angel holding clothes, kneeling on the left of Verrocchios picture The Baptism of Christ c. 1472-1475. Verrocchio, as indicated by Vasari, was so impressed by the implications of his pupils genius that would never afterwards touch colours, chagrined that a child should know more than he. Since Leonardos earliest large-scale work The Adoration of the Magi begun 1481 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" unfinished, he had gained a reputation for leaving works incomplete, perhaps fittingly in the nature of this, his first commission an altarpiece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio, the Florentine town hall, was never executed. Conveniently, Vasari attempts to provide an explanation for this force of habit: His knowledge of art, indeed, prevented him from finishing many things which he had begun, for he felt that his hand would be unable to realise the perfect creations of his imagination, as his mind formed such difficult, subtle and marvellous conceptions that his hands, skilful as they were, could never have expressed them. As to the truth of this statement, this is difficult to prove, but clarification could be seen in the great number and range of Leonardos studies and designs that never progressed further than the initial planning stages, due to his constant need to illustrate his new and innovative concepts. The Adoration of the Magi was an early illustration of Leonardos genius in technical innovation, even if it was unintentional. Despite the piece not being completed, the drawing and base painting serve to demonstrate the success of Leonardos technique of drawing straight onto the board without first having to demarcate outlines by using a collection of cartoons preparatory sketches as was the technique for painting in buon-fresco or in tempera. .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 , .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 .postImageUrl , .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 , .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6:hover , .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6:visited , .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6:active { border:0!important; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6:active , .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6 .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua3c1c695be6208187e22f32bd7bfbab6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Who Has Seen the Wind: Meaning of Life EssayNoticeable also is the way Leonardo has used even the base coat of oil paint to establish modelling on the figures and a inferred sense of depth had also been worked into the perspective of the piece. If Leonardo had finished this painting, in terms of sheer technical merit and my own opinion, it would have been his finest. Soon after he left Verrocchios workshop he left to forge a career in Milan. It should be understood that due to the political state of Italy at the time, the nation was subdivided into independently governed states. Milan was the capital city of the most northerly of these, also of note were Florence and Venice which were the richest and Rome which was the central state ruled by the Papacy of the Vatican City. In its isolation, Milan was on the border with France and on occasion found itself at war so that the ruling body of the state at this time the Sforza family would remain in power. This explains why Leonardo left the state, in quite a hurry one would imagine, when France overthrew Ludovico Sforza called il moro- the moor because of his dark-colouring, 1452-1508 in 1499. The states would also battle amongst themselves sometimes for political supremacy or a wealth of other reasons. Leonardos presence in Milan appeared to rely on the attribution of power in the state. Vasari fails to acknowledge the true complication of affairs that took place before Leonardos arrival. He merely states that Ludovicos brother, Giovanni Galeazzo 1444-76 had died and Ludovico had risen to power. More to the point the Leonardo da Vinci National Museum of Science and Technology in Milan serves to clarify the situation that determined both Ludovicos rise and fall this serves as only one side of the story though: Galeazzo Maria à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ was assassinated in 1476 by a group of conspirators. The inheritance of the duchy passed on to his son Gian Galeazzo 1469-1494, who à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ was put under the guardianship of his mother, Bona of Savoy. But à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ludovico à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ managed to oust his sister-in-law and assumed power, becoming in actual fact the new duke of Milan but only by position. It is also revealed that Gian Galeazzo plotted in the original French attempt at take-over by Charles VII, before his untimely death in 1494 soon after Ludovicos official coronation no less. Consequently when Leonardo had arrived in Milan c. 482, Ludovico was not recognised as the official duke, which in my opinion must have at least marginally affected his position as the court artist. It is possible though that Ludovicos admiration of Leonardo and his work would have contributed to his hope to work for the future Duke. Vasari actually states that Leonardo found his place in Ludovicos court primarily through his musical abilities: Lionardo took his own instrument a lyre, made by himself in silver, and shaped like a horses head, a curious and novel idea to render the harmonies more loud and sonorous, so that he surpasse d all the musicians who had assembled there. Besides this he was the best reciter of improvised rhymes of his time. A recent biography, which appears to be concerned with the great range of Leonardos talents, has a more accepted explanation of his application. He had written the duke an astonishing letter in which he stated that he could build portable bridges; that he knew the techniques of constructing bombardments and of making cannons; that he could build ships as well as armoured vehicles, catapults, and other war machines; and that he could execute sculpture in marble, bronze, and clay. Considering the situation of Milan as described before, it is not surprising to see why such a curriculum vitae would interest Ludovico. As indicated by the Encyclopaedia Britannica: He was listed in the register of the royal household as pictor et ingeniarius ducalis painter and engineer of the duke. Leonardos Milanese period is cited by the Britannica as being the unfolding of his genius, no less as an artist despite his many other int erests and responsibilities. Leonardos use of oils is credit to the quality of his work, and although by no means the first of the Italian painters to use the medium, his work created new methods that defined its use in the years to follow. The most individual of these would be sfumato: Leonardo à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ found a new expression for nature experienced, in reproducing the forms he perceived as if through a veil of mist. The utilisation of sfumato from the Italian to tone down made objects appear to fade, even dissolve into the background creating depth with the use of tonal effects. Another method that was also used partly by the other artists of the high renaissance although not definitively until the mannerist movement was chiaroscuro, which came from the Italian for light and shade. This provided an even greater sense of relief and a sculptural quality to paintings by using an exaggerated depiction of light and dark tones emphasising the shape of a form. I have chosen two works from this period, which by personal opinion, I consider to be the finest in his undertaking and most expressive of his paintings. .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 , .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 .postImageUrl , .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 , .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43:hover , .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43:visited , .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43:active { border:0!important; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43:active , .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43 .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b79cbcaae1023171fbdeec54c72ca43:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Using the Science of Life As A Weapon Persuasive EssayThe Portrait of Cecilia Gallerani Lady with an Ermine was painted around 1490 midway through his employment to Ludovico; indeed it is sometimes believed that the Lady was his mistress. This painting uses chiaroscuro to a great effect with modelling used around the side of the head, neck and upper chest and around the arms, clearly illustrating the depth of the figure. Notice how obscured the background is, thus making the use of sfumato impossible on the figure, except for where the torso of the ermine is cast in shadow by the Ladys hand and arm. Her clothing and jewellery appear very sophisticated and luxuriant incorporating crisp details in the fabric. The ermine itself, which was prized for its valuable fur, also acts as a designation of wealth. Dominican monks of the Santa Maria delle Grazie monastery commissioned possibly the most notable painting by Leonardo in Milan, The Last Supper painted using an experimentary use of media from 1495-8. A great work in its magnitude, the composition has become the epitome of Last Supper paintings, despite its well-known fragility it still remains following attempts at restoration since 1726. It is constantly falling apart since Leonardo attempted to work in oil and tempera on plaster. Vasari wrote of the work: Lionardo has seized the moment when the Apostles are anxious to discover who would betray their Master. All their faces are expressive of love, fear, wrath or grief at not being able to grasp the meaning of Christ, in contrast to the obstinacy, hatred and treason of Judas, while the whole work, down to the smallest details, displays incredible diligence, even the texture of the tablecloth being clearly visible so that actual cambric would not look more real. Vasari also professes to Leonardos diligence in working on this project, although according to an eyewitness report from one Matteo Bandello narrated in Novella, 1497 the artist would at times paint in the refectory from sunrise to darkness, never laying down the brush to eat or drink. Then, days would lapse in which Leonardo would not touch a brush but would either contemplate what he had painted or labour at the Corte Vecchia on the monumental clay model for the Sforza equestrian monument, and then, when the fancy took him à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he would take a brush and give a few touches to one of the figures; and then suddenly he would leave and go elsewhere. The painting itself has little evidence of its former glory left, although the use of both chiaroscuro and sfumato are still visible in the scenery and between the figures, and this grants the vision a certain elegance of form and composition. The arrangement of the apostle figures in groups of three is often commented upon due to the number acting as a recurring theme in the painting; often the number three was used to designate the importance of the Holy Trinity. The robes are very much in the tradition of scholarly togas; there is still even a suggestion of lurid colour still left in the cloth. It was soon after he had completed this work that Leonardo withdrew from Milan as the Duke had done to escape the French who had overrun the state, French archers also destroyed the clay equestrian colossus that Leonardo had made by using it for target practice. Leonardo only returned to Milan in 1506 under the guardianship of the ruling French governor, Charles dAmboise, and still only visited whilst undertaking commissions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Leonardos lack of popularity in his own time, as a named artist is surprising. He was a victim of the cultural marginality of the Milanese court à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as well as of his own commitment to technical and scientific projects rather than to literature, and the scarcity of works circulating under his name. To some extent this is largely true, but obviously becoming famous was not a great ambition of Leonardos. As is mentioned, there was a lack of works paintings that would have had a circulation around important circles: By 1503, Leonardo had forged a reputation for jilting his patrons with unfinished projects. This would surely have been the case, but what cant truly be answered is, did this make Leonardo responsible for his own lack of popularity? It never seemed to be that way to Vasari anyhow, who wrote with a very sympathetic style about Leonardo, making eloquent excuses where Leonardo could be found blameworthy. It is probably true to say that Leonardo was highly respected as a founding father of the high period of the renaissance, and all in all lea d a comfortable life worthy of his standing.

Assess individual in health care Essay Example

Assess individual in health care Paper UNIT 18 1. 1 Compare and contrast the range and purpose of different forms of assessment. Prior to moving into an organisation all individuals are assessed as are the care providers to ensure that placements can meet and preferences of the individuals. The organisation conducts independent assessments by a qualified key member of the team to assess the needs and preferences of the individual to ensure that the organisation have the facilities and resources to cater for them. The key areas for assessments for needs and preferences would be: †¢EMOTIONAL †¢PHYSICAL †¢SOCIAL †¢LEISURE Key professionals then hold a Care Planning Assessment (CPA) meeting along the individual to discuss the outcomes of assessments. Active support is provided holistically within a role package for all individuals for all aspects of living. This is implemented through means of care plans and structured weekly planners. Before an individual is identified as needing specialist care and support, they must undergo a series of assessments. These assessments may not diagnose  a learning disability, but they do decide whether the individual will receive social care. This explains the types of assessment an individual may undergo, including: Official process or corporate screening procedures Clinical assessments Behavioural assessments Holistic assessments Person Centred Planning (PCP) Comprehensive assessments and care plans Prev Page Next Page View as single page Search TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT Assessment, Health care, Healthcare, Management, Nursing care plan, Risk, Risk assessment, Risk management RELATED DOCUMENTS Health care ? Name: ID: Module: Developing Counselling Skills in Health and Social Care Contents Introduction In any health and social care setting, employees at all levels will be required to listen to patients, clients, their friends and relatives expressing their views, concerns and emotions. These can be complex and sometimes difficult interactions; therefore it is 5988 Words | 8 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT health Social care ? Unit 4222-222 Suport individuals to eat and drink. 222-1 Be able to support individuals to make choices about food and drink. 1. 1 Establish with an individual the food and drink thay wish to consume. We will write a custom essay sample on Assess individual in health care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Assess individual in health care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Assess individual in health care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1.2 Encourage the individual to select suitable options for food and drnk. 1. 3 Describe ways to resolve any difficulties or dulemmas about the choice of food and drink. 1. 4 Describe how and when to seek additional guidance 5988 Words | 2 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Health Care Communication Communication is ongoing. It can be verbal or nonverbal. In the health field the way nurses communicate with patients will determine how the patient recovers. 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Prevent School Violence essays

Prevent School Violence essays At 11:21 a.m. Mountain Time on April 20, 1999, the Jefferson County Communications Center of the Sheriff's Office received a total of five calls from local residents living near Columbine High School, located within Jefferson County, Colorado. It is at this time, as reported by eye witnesses and the press, that at least two armed people entered the southeast Columbine High School parking lot. They reportedly threw a few devices that exploded in the parking lot, and shot at the school. A mass exodus of at least 1,500 students fled the school when the shooting began, while others hid in classrooms within the school for hours. The assailants stalked the halls early on in the shooting, blasting away innocent people. In upwards of thirty students were terrorized by the shooters in the large library of the school, with nearly a dozen killed in cold blood. "I heard maybe 50, 60 shots in the library and they chucked four to five pipe bombs in the room," said student Evan Todd. Fourteen stu dents, including the shooters themselves, and one teacher, died during the attack; a total of 15 deaths. About 23 students and faculty were seriously injured.(Luzadder, Dan; Vaughan, Kevin) Could this have been avioded? When your child is sitting in a class room, do you worry about your him or her? No probably not, there in the care of an qualified educated person. They should be safe from outside danger, but inside is another matter. It happens quite a bit in our classrooms, even with the teachers present. Children harassing children, teasing each other, hurting each other. Yet, the teachers seem no to notice it going on in there school. I see these specials on the news about High Schoolers beating up each other in there school cafeteria , and I wonder, where were the teachers. Did they all just magically disappear? Why with all the security we spend money on, we still have these cases of school violence getting out hand. Though most of the school viole...

Michael Porter 6 Forces Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Michael Porter 6 Forces - Research Paper Example ma?la?inen, 2004). Entries divide the market amongst more sellers and decrease each company’s share. The technology industry attracts vast newcomers due to its appealing customer base and fast growth. However, the newcomers are threatened by the capital needed to venture into the industry due to the expensive start up infrastructure. More so, new entrants feel threatened by the existing brands especially in the line of networking service providers like Microsoft, given that the established brands posses firm customer base that is hard to overcome. Nevertheless, the other line of technology industry that produces technology devices and gadgets like the renowned Samsung Corporation could attract entrants who could chip in and invent products that exactly befits the customers taste. Competitive rivalry The technology industry is well known for its fast growth, competition and effectiveness, and this explains why new entrants do not survive because of the intense rivalry between t he existing players. However, the competition from rivals depends on the field of specialization because other companies produce technology devices while others offer networking services. ... er hand, the technology industries that produce technology gadgets or devices like Sony corporation faces stiff competition because other manufacturers are gradually inventing more efficient appliances. The field of device producing technology industry is extremely competitive due to its nature of its growth, which means that customers’ tastes and trends change fast, and the concerned industry has to frequently invent up-to-date devices to catch up the pace; hence, heightening the rivalry between the existing companies. Competitive substitute The products and services provided in a particular industry usually have the same substitutes elsewhere (Ha?ma?la?inen, 2004). This substitute products and services pose a threat because they limit the ability of a firm and their prices. The technology industry is exceptional in the fact that the competition varies in different companies that specializes in technology. For instance, the information technology service providers have no muc h threat from substitutes because customers rely on such technology to run their lives and businesses meaning that substituting this technology becomes almost impossible. For instance, Google has positioned itself towards long term success on the internet, and there is no foreseen substitute to beat the internet so far. On the other hand, other technology companies who specializes in manufacturing of technology devices faces stiff substitution competition. For instance, a computer manufacturing company like Dell could face substitution threats from other manufacturers who could offer more outstanding products. Therefore, substitution threats in the technology industry depend on the line of specialization. Supplier bargaining power Bargaining power is the ability to influence setting of prices

Write a research critique of 6 research papers on communication Essay

Write a research critique of 6 research papers on communication between parents and children on sex education - Essay Example ) examined whether the family type or parenting style, taking into consideration socio-economic status and whether the families were single- or multi-parent environments, maintained a direct correlation with child willingness to report sexual activity or influenced early sexual experimentation. Surveys were distributed to approximately 8,766 students with widely-different socio-economic backgrounds, with questions addressing parental style in relation to strictness or more liberal parents in order to indicate whether a correlation existed between these factors and early teenage sexual exploration. The results indicated that children from lone parent families or those adolescents who were born to teenage mothers were more likely to explore sexual gratification than those from multi-parented families. Levels of parental restrictive behaviours maintained no connection to early-age sexual exploration. The results tend to support the notion that the traditional nuclear family, consisting of a biological mother and father, creates a more stable environment in which todays youths are more willing to discuss sexuality and sexual experimentation due to an increased parental support network which single parent families usually cannot provide in abundance. This assessment is likely due to the financial and work-related strains of a single parent who is not as widely-available to children to provide ongoing encouragement toward safe and responsible sexual behaviours. Henslin (2003) supports this notion, as the author suggests that lone-parent families are often the catalyst for child willingness to explore early sexual behaviours due to diminished authoritarian presences (the second parent) in the household. Perhaps the results of this particular study can assist health care professionals to address the dangers of early-age sexual exploration to the youth by first addressing the socio-ec onomic and family structure of children during youth counselling sessions. Recognising

Attitudes towards homosexuality among university students

Attitudes towards homosexuality among university students In 2006, Answers Corporation explained that homosexuality is a term created by 19th century. The meaning of homosexual is, having a sexual orientation to persons of the same sex (The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, 2006). Homosexuality includes two groups, which are female homosexuality and male homosexuality. Female homosexuality is described as lesbianism and the male homosexuality is described as gay (Answers Corporation, 2006). At the beginning, some of the psychologists said that homosexuality is a mental illness and put it into the list of mental disorder. However, after some of the studies, they realized that homosexuality is not a mental disorder because it is related to psychological disturbance and is in no sense of mental problem as well. So, homosexuality removed from the list of mental disorders (Tozeland, Loewen, Monteith, n.d.). The factors that lead to homosexuality are critical and discuss by many specialist fields such as psychologists and psychiatrists. View of Psychologists toward Reason of Homosexuality In Robinson study (as cited in Facts about Homosexuality and Mental Health, n.d.), early of the twentieth century, Ellis (1901) argued that homosexuality was inborn and it was not immoral, not a disease, and that many homosexuals made outstanding contributions to society. Sigmund Freud has a different theory of human sexuality from Ellis. He believed that all human beings were innately bisexual. Human beings become heterosexual or homosexual as a result of what they have experiences with other people or environment that surrounding of them. Freud also agreed with Ellis that homosexual orientation should not be viewed as a form of pathology (Facts about Homosexuality and Mental Health, n.d.). He wrote a letter to an American mother in 1935. He said that, people cant get any advantages from their homosexual orientation. But, they were always blamed, discriminated by other people. Actually, homosexuality is not a sin, not an illness as well. He also said that, we need to see it as a sexual function produced by certain sexual development. There are many individuals of ancient and modern times that were respect by us are homosexuality. According to him, it is injustice and cruelty to describe that homosexuality is a crime and sin. He told the American mother that, analysis may let her son feel harmony, peace and full efficiency when her son in the time of unhappy, neurotic, torn by conflicts, and inhibited in the social life whether he remains a homosexual or gets changed (Facts about Homosexuality and Mental Health, n.d.). View of Reincarnation Researchers toward Reason of Homosexuality According to Dr. Ian Stevenson, he concludes that homosexuality is a natural human trait that results from the reincarnation of a person of one gender as a person of the opposite gender. Such people must adjust to their new gender and sexuality at an early age. The difficulty of adjusting relating to the sex change and lead to homosexuality later on in their lives (as cited in Williams, 2006). Reincarnation means the soul occupation a new body after the death of the former body (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2006). The classic form of the reincarnation doctrine was formulated in India, but certainly not earlier than the 9th century BC, when the Brahmana writings were composed. After the Upanishads clearly defined the concept between the 7th and the 5th century BC, it was adopted by the other important Eastern religions which originated in India, Buddhism and Jainism. Due to the spread of Buddhism in Asia, reincarnation was later adopted by Chinese Taoism, but not earlier than the 3rd century BC (Reincarnation, its meaning and consequences, n.d.). Former girls who are reborn as boys may wish to dress as girls or prefer to play with girls rather than boys. Former boys who are reborn as girls may wish to dress as boys or prefer to play with boys rather than girls. Former men who are reborn as women will be attracted to women and will therefore be lesbian. Former women who are reborn as men will be attracted to men and will therefore be gay (as cited in Williams, 2006). Former means past-life or previous life and reborn mean present lifetime. In many cases the person begins talking about his or her life or lives before the present lifetime, about their previous death and about the time between lives including the planning of the present lifetime (as cited in Williams, 2006). So, Dr. Ian Stevenson concludes that, homosexuality is the stem of reincarnation. Beside of the factors to cause homosexuality, the factors that influence people attitudes towards homosexuality are also very controversial. Different people may bring out different of attitudes, thinking, feeling and behaviors towards homosexuality. The differences can be considered contribute to some of the factors such as personal and social factors. Personal Factors that Influence Attitudes towards Homosexual Age. Have a measure of tolerance of homosexual behaviors from attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, such as the nations of Australia, USA, Norway, and others indicated that the higher points of tolerance scored as 100 and the lowest point as 0. The higher the tolerance scored the higher the acceptance of homosexuality. The predicted level of tolerances for young people age 20 would be 53 points. People in middle age have tolerance scores of 43 points by age 40. At age 60, the tolerance scored is about 33 and with 23 points at age 80. It showed that, as the age increasing, the tolerance scored of homosexual was decreasing. The tolerance point of elder was low compare to younger people (Attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, n.d.). Beside of the factors of age, the attitudes also influences by religion. Religion background. Different religious will makes a large difference to tolerance of homosexuality. According to a test of measure of homosexual behaviors tolerance, the higher points of tolerance scored as 100 and the lowest point as 0. The higher the tolerance scored the higher acceptance of homosexuality. Ardent believers in a personal God would rate homosexual behavior at 28 points. But, staunch atheists who are totally reject the idea of personal God rate homosexuality at 59 points (Attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, n.d.). It obviously showed that, Ardent believers in a personal God was less accepting to homosexuality which rate 28 points compare to staunch atheists who totally reject the idea of personal God which rate 59 points (Attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, n.d.). Beside that, church goers are less tolerant of homosexuality than those who are never darken a churchs door. People who are regular going to church rate 32 points, and those who are shunning the church were rating 48 points (Attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, n.d.). It is because according to Christians, homosexuality violating some of Gods most basic commandments for humanity. Christians belief in Gods condemnation of homosexuality is claimed to be so important that forcing them to treat gays equally means forcing them to violate their religious beliefs (Cline, n.d.). In nearly all societies throughout human history, religion offers answers to fundamental questions concerning the origin and meaning of things. Religious systems of explanation offer accounts of the creation of the world, as well as specifying the rules for proper behavior-and the consequences for infractions-that have been imposed by the Creator (Gross, 2005). Christianity traditionally forbid sexual relations between people of the same sex and teaches that such behavior is sinful (Gross, 2005). So, religious belief and church attendance have strongly influence on attitudes towards homosexuality in almost 29 nations. Beside of the factors of religion, the attitudes toward homosexuality also influences by faculty of study among students (Societal Attitudes towards Homosexuality, 2006). Faculty of study. Students who studied faculties of Arts or Social Science had more positive attitudes toward gay man compared to Science or Business students. The result revealed that students in the faculties of Arts and Social Science had more positive attitudes towards homosexual compare with students in faculties Business and Science (Schellenberg, Hirt and Sears, 1999). It shows that there are two possible reasons that determined these results. First, students who value traditional sex roles may be the most likely to select programs in faculties of business and sciences where political attitudes are conservative. Second, students with less value traditional sex roles may be the most likely to select programs in faculties of Art and Social Science. It is because they thought the departments are more liberal (Schellenberg, Hirt and Sears, 1999). In academic field, beside the factor of different faculty of study, the educational level also plays a very important role to determine the attitudes towards homosexuality. Educational level. The higher years of education people involve, the higher scored of tolerances people have. The higher points of tolerance scored as 100 and the lowest point as 0. The higher of tolerance scored sign that it is more acceptance of homosexuality (Attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, n.d.). The point of tolerances was 34 out of 100 rating by people who with 8 years of education. Those with 10 years of education were rating 38 points and people who have complete 2 years masters degree after 4 year bachelors degree was rating 51 points. So, the gap between the least educated and the most educated is 17 points. (Attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, n.d.). This tolerance-enhancing effect of education actually is link to other forces which importantly depend on the independent of age, so the lesser censure of homosexuality among the highly educated cannot be attributed to a changing social climate. The age effects themselves suggest that there is a changing social climate, but the education effects are in addition to that (Attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, n.d.). Other than that, gender also likely to have strongly influences on the attitudes towards homosexuality. Many researchers conducted researches that related to gender differences and their attitudes towards gay men and lesbians. Gender. Gender belief system is the pattern of masculine or feminine behavior of an individual that is defined by a particular culture and that is largely determined by a childs upbringing (Answers.com, 2006). Kite and Whitley suggested that men rating the gay men more negative than women, but they were same in the rating of lesbians. Within the male and female, women made approximately equal rating of lesbians and gay men, but mens rating of lesbians were more positive than rating of gay men (as cited in Louiderback Whitley, 1997). According to Kite and Whitley study, it is because people who have strong gender belief system have more negative attitudes towards homosexual because homosexuality violates the norms of that belief system. Also, men held more traditional sex-role attitudes than women. So, in the perspective of men, male should be act more masculine and aggressive. They also strongly hold the traditional sexual orientation which is heterosexuality (as cited in Louiderback Whitley, 1997). Beside that, a study (as cited in Schellenberg, Hirt and Sears 1999.), it also showed that male hold more negative attitudes towards gay men than lesbians, and, they also hold more negative attitudes to homosexual compare with female. Different attitude towards homosexuality is the impact of personal factors. But, the social factors also have certain level of impact on the attitudes towards homosexuality. Social Factors that Influence Attitudes towards Homosexual Media. Dissemination of information about homosexuality in marketing, television shows, and public opinion polls, will affect the attitudes of public toward homosexuals no matter it is accurate or inaccurate. The information of homosexuals will lead to AIDS has strong impact on attitudes towards homosexuality. The perpetuation of homophobic attitudes such as the treatment of people with HIV, moralistic interpretations of people with AIDS, certain conceptions about the methods of HIV transmitted, media representation of AIDS, and even the way in which medicines objectivity reinforces a moral view inimical to gay men, lesbians and bisexuals (Anderson, Fakhfakh, Kondylis, 1999). Many of the researches have approved that some of the factors influence attitudes towards homosexuality. There are also some of the researches conducted by researchers to approve whether the stereotypes of people towards homosexuality is correct or not. Social differences. Social differences in the tolerance of homosexuality are quite large. This can help to explain why people living in different social circles have different perceptions of what the average Australian thinks. For example, 70 years old had left school at the end of year 10, and who holds strong religious beliefs and attends church regularly would rate homosexual behaviors at just 1 point out of 100 or always wrong (Attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, n.d.). Stereotypes towards Homosexuality Characteristics. Normally, people would like to believe that gay men are effeminate and lesbians are tomboys while there are some homosexual people who fit these stereotypes. But, actually they are not representative of all homosexual people. So, the stereotypes of characteristics of homosexual people are not correct at all (Tozeland, Loewen, Monteith, n.d.). Duration of relationship. Studies indicate that people would have the stereotypes that homosexual person will not involve in long-term, stable and close relationship with their partners. But, it is not unusual to find homosexuality couples who had been together for over twenty years (Tozeland, Loewen, Monteith, n.d.). Homosexual parents. Some people believe that children of gay or lesbian people are more likely to grow up to be homosexual as their parents. Beside that, people also believe that these children will grow up without appropriate ethical values. In fact, homosexual parents would like to teach their children the values of kindness and charity because they are the victims of hate and discrimination in society (Tozeland, Loewen, Monteith, n.d.). According to Family Research Report (2001), children who have homosexual parents would be expected to do less well than kids in general in school, on the job, in marriage, raising their own kids, and others. Normally, children of homosexual parents cannot do well in sex identity, language skills and mathematics fields compare to children of heterosexual parents. But, children of homosexual parents hold strongly social study than children of heterosexual parents. However, they have tries to be successful in life. So not every child with homosexual parents would be expected to be a failure, nor would every child raised by a homosexual parent be expected to fail. Likewise, not every child rose by a married mother and father would be expected to succeed (Family Research Report, 2001). Religion. The vast majority of the worlds churches take the stance that homosexual acts are a sin. To cite an example of a religious viewpoint, the Roman Catholic Church in a passage from its Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, states, As in every moral disorder, homosexual activity prevents ones own fulfillment and happiness by acting contrary to the creative wisdom of God. Homosexuality is labeled as a moral disorder; it is not regular or acceptable (The Scientific Debate on Homosexuality, n.d.). People believe that Christians are disagreeing homosexuality. Some religious groups interpret certain biblical passages as injunctions against homosexuality, while others view these passages in the light of historical context, much like slavery. Actually, many Christians were condemning discrimination and prejudice. They welcome and affirm homosexual Christians into the body of Christ, with unique gifts to offer (Tozeland, Loewen, Monteith, n.d.). Beside to conduct researches to reveal the stereotypes of people towards homosexuality is correct or not, there also a research on how the public opinion towards homosexuality among different nations. Public Opinion toward Homosexual among Different Nations In study of Societal Attitudes towards Homosexuality (2006), it showed that the result of acceptance homosexuality in Africa and the Middle East are tend to strongly disagree. But, major Latin American countries such as Mexico and Brazil accept homosexuality. At Australia 1999, the result showed that 28% of people think that sexual relations between two adults of the same sex are not wrong at all, 15 % think that it is wrong only sometimes, 9 % think that it is almost always wrong, and 48% think that it is always wrong (Attitude towards homosexuality in 29 nations, n.d.). According to Robinson (2003), Apoll by the Gallup Organization from United State has conducted a research of acceptable of homosexuality in the public. The result showed the percentage of the survey result: do you personally believe that it is acceptable or not acceptable for gays and lesbians to engage in same-sex behavior? as in 1982-JUN, there was 34% people accept homosexuality and by 1992-JUN, there was an increasing percentage which is 38%. In 1992-MAR, there was 44% and by 1997-APR, there was 42%. In 1999-FEB, there was 50 % and by 2001-MAY, there was 52%. There was 51% in 2002-MAY and 54% in 2003-MAY. It showed that the percentage of acceptable towards homosexuality in the United State is increasing by year of 1982 to 2003. The Pew Research Centers 2003 Global Attitudes Survey found that, people in Africa and the Middle East strongly object to societal acceptance of homosexuality. But there is far greater tolerance for homosexuality in major Latin American countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. Opinion in Europe is split between West and East. Majorities in every Western European nation surveyed say homosexuality should be accepted by society, while most Russians, Poles and Ukrainians disagree. 51% of Americans believes homosexuality should be accepted, while 42% disagree (as cited in Societal Attitudes towards Homosexuality, 2006). Significant of This Study Based on the above introduction, one can see the important of understanding of students attitude to homosexuality. Firstly, according to Lisa Lamar and Mary Kite (1998), it said that males have more negative attitudes towards gay men and this is due to gender roles factor. However, Schellenberg, Hirt Sears (1999), found that males who study in Arts and Social Sciences have more positive attitudes towards gay men. So, this study want to know UTAR Psychology course students attitudes towards gay men is affected by gender roles or the faculties that they have chose. Second, according to research of Brownell, he found that religions are related to negative attitudes towards lesbian and gay men. Malaysia have many types of religions include Islamic, Buddhist, Indian, and others. This study wants to know are there having differences of attitudes between religions in Malaysia or not. This will make us know more about how the attitudes of different religions people towards lesbian and gay men. This can reduce conflict or make different religions people can communicate easily. Third, Many students have confused or varying opinions on homosexuality. It is important for all students to come to terms with what they currently think and feel about homosexuality (Tozeland, Loewen, Monteith, n.d.). This study want to let them conscious about their attitudes towards homosexual and let them decide they want to change it or not. Beside that, through this study, students of psychology course can more concern about issue of homosexuality and conduct or do further research on it. The further research can help public know about homosexual such as why homosexual, what reason to make them become homosexual, and others. Once public know more about the homosexual group, they might change their attitudes towards homosexual as well as reduce their discrimination perception towards homosexual. This study will determine whether the result of this study same with the result of previous researches or not. For this study, it should make a clear distinction of attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women with divide the homosexual to lesbian and gay men. For example, many of previous research conducted research by using the term homosexual but do not divide the term homosexual into gay men and lesbian women. Research Questions For this study, it will explore the gender influences on attitudes towards homosexuality among university students. We would like to understand more about the gender differences of acceptance of homosexuality among university students. Beside that, this study will determine whether the result is same with the result of previous researches or not. The research questions in this study are as follows. First, are there any gender differences in the attitudes towards lesbian and homosexual? Second, is there any gender difference in their knowledge of homosexual? Third, are there any religion differences in their attitude towards lesbian and homosexual? Fourth, is there any religion difference in their knowledge of homosexual? CHAPTER II METHOD Participants 118 Psychology students from year 1 to year 3 in University Tunku Abdul Rahman were selected as the sample of this study. Simple random method was used in the selection. There are 82 females and 36 females. All of the students who participated in the survey are simple random sampling. Materials Questionnaire. The survey conducted using questionnaire (see Appendix 1). All participants completed a 4 pages questionnaire consisting of two sections. Instructions accompanying the questionnaire guaranteed anonymity and confidentiality. The first part is about the respondents demographic such as gender, age, year, race, and religion. The second part is about respondents attitudes toward lesbian and gay. There are 32 questions in this test. In this test, the first 4 questions are asked about the general attitudes towards homosexuality such as a) I know about homosexuals, and b) Sexual orientation is caused by genes, but not the environment (see appendix 1). Question 5 to 18 is asked about the attitudes towards lesbians such as a) Lesbians just cant fit into our society, b) exual relations between two female is wrong, c) Female homosexuality is a sin and, d) Lesbians are sick (see appendix 1). Question 19 to 32 is asked about the attitudes towards gay men such as a) I think male homosexuals are disgusting, b) Male homosexuality is a perversion, c) Sexual relations between two male is wrong and, d) Homosexual behavior between two men is just plain wrong (see appendix 1). Participants had to rate on the Likert Scale (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree) according to their attitudes towards homosexual which include lesbian and gay man. Software. SPSS for Windows (12.0) was used for all statistical analyses. Procedures The survey was conducted by using simple random sampling design. A sampling frame, which is the numbered name lists of students from Year One to Year Three Psychology class at UTAR was obtained from the Faculty General Office. All the name of the students were mixed and came out with a new name list (see Appendix 2). A sample size of 118 was selected. The simple random sampling was conducted as follows: A starting point in the table of Random Numbers in the Appendix 4 was chosen using a finger stab. The stab came down at column 6, row 15 at the entry 13916. As the sampling frame ranged from 1 to 301, the left three numbers in each set of five were used when drawing the sample. The number 0 was ignored if that number over 301. The numbers to be included in sampling were been identified by moving across the table from left to right every alternate line started from up and down. The numbers got were highline in yellow color (see Appendix 3). We distributed the questionnaire to the samples that have been selected by simple random method through UTAR lecturers. The survey took between ten to five-teen minutes to complete and then collected back by lecturers after the respondents completed it in the same day. Instructions accompanying the questionnaire guaranteed anonymity and confidentiality. CHAPTER III RESULT Reliability Test There were five dimensions in the questionnaire. First, the dimension of Negative Attitudes toward Lesbians, it consisted by 10 questions which is from question 5 to question 14. The Cronbachs Alpha was 0.81 after questions 5, 7, 9, 13 were deleted (Table 1, pg 16). Therefore, the mean of these 6 items was calculated to represent the respondents negative attitudes toward lesbians. Second, for the dimension of Positive Attitudes toward Lesbians, it consisted by 4 questions which is from question 15 to question 18. There were 0.49 alphas when question 16 was deleted (Table 1, pg 16). For the dimension of Negative Attitudes toward Gay Men, it consisted by 10 questions which is from question 19 to question 28. There were 0.87 alphas when question 20 was deleted (Table 1, pg 16). For the dimension of Positive Attitudes toward Gay Men, it consisted by 4 questions which is from question 29 to question 32. There were 0.64 alphas and none of the questions being deleted (Table 1, pg 16). The reliability alpha of the question 1 to 4 was 0.01 alphas. So, these 4 questions cannot compute as one dimension and will be analyzed individually (see Table 1, pg 16). Table 1 Reliability test Dimension Cronbachs Alpha N of Items Items Negative Attitudes toward Lesbians 0.81 6 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14 Positive Attitudes toward Lesbians 0.49 3 15, 17, 18 Negative Attitudes toward Gay Men 0.87 9 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 Positive Attitudes toward Gay Men 0.64 4 29, 30, 31, 32 I know about homosexual Sexual orientation is caused by genes, but not the environment I have ever thought to myself when I found that an attractive person of the sex was homosexual-what a waste 0.01 4 1, 2, 3, 4 I have ever said, I dont mind homosexuals, as long as I dont have to see it or something similar Gender Differences toward Homosexual Negative attitudes toward lesbians. The results of Independent t- Tests showed that there was no significant difference between gender negative attitudes towards the lesbian, t (118) = 0.08, n.s. , where the mean for the negative attitudes toward lesbian for male students is 2.60 ( SD = 0.81), and 2.59 (SD = 0.71) for female students (Table 2, pg 19). Positive attitudes toward lesbians. The results of Independent t- Tests showed that there was no significant difference between gender positive attitudes toward the lesbians, t (118) = 0.31, n.s., where the mean for the positive attitudes toward lesbians for male students is 3.29 (SD = 0.66), and 3.32 (SD = 0.54) for female students (Table 2, pg 19). Negative attitudes toward gay men. The results of Independent t- Tests showed that there was a significant difference between gender negative attitudes toward gay men, t (118) = 2.24, p Positive attitudes toward gay men. The results of Independent t- Tests showed that there was no significant difference between gender positive attitudes toward gay men, t (118) = -1.520, n.s., where the mean for the positive attitudes toward gay men for male students is 3.11 (SD = 0.80), and 3.30 (SD = 0.52) for female students (Table 2, pg 19). Knowledge towards homosexuality. The results of Independent t- revealed that there was no significant difference between genders in their knowledge towards homosexuality. For the I know about homosexual, t (118) = 0.82, n.s., where the mean for the knowledge towards homosexuality for male students is 2.31 (SD=0.82), and 2.17 (SD=0.83) for female students. For the Sexual orientation is caused by genes, but not the environment, t (118) = -0.890, n.s., where the mean for the knowledge towards homosexuality for male students is 3.28 (SD=1.19), and 4.85 (SD=10.57) for female students. For the I have ever thought to myself when I found that an attractive person of the sex was homosexual-what a waste , t (118) = 0.921, n.s., where the mean for the knowledge towards homosexuality for male students is 2.83 (SD=0.97), and 2.65 (SD=1.03) for female students. For the I have ever said, I dont mind homosexuals, as long as I dont have to see it or something similar, t (118) = 0.403, n.s., where the mean for the knowledge towards homosexuality for male students is 3.97 (SD=0.61), and 3.92 (SD=0.76) for female students (see Table 2, pg 19). Table 2 Gender differences Dimension Mean t-Value p-Value Males Females Negative Attitudes toward Lesbians 2.60 (SD=0.81) 2.59 (SD=0.71) 0.080 0.94 Positive Attitudes toward Lesbians 3.29 (SD=0.66) 3.32 (SD=0.54) -0.31 0.76 Negative Attitudes toward Gay Men 3.03 (SD=0.83) 2.72 (SD=0.63) 2.24 0.027* Positive Attitudes toward Gay Men 3.11 (SD=0.80) 3.30 (SD=0.52) -1.520 0.13 I know about homosexual Sexual orientation is caused by genes, but not the environment I have ever thought to myself when I found that an attractive person of the sex was homosexual-what a waste I have ever said, I dont mind homosexuals, as long as I dont have to see it or something similar 2.31 (SD=0.82) 3.28 (SD=1.19) 2.83 (SD=0.97) 3.97 (SD=0.61) 2.17 (SD=0.83) 4.85 (SD=10.57) 2.65 (SD=1.03) 3.91 (SD=0.76) 0.82 -0.89 0.92 0.403 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.69 Note: * p Religion Differences toward Homosexual Negative attitudes toward lesbians. The results of Independent t- Tests showed that there was no significant difference between religions have negative attitudes towards lesbian, t (118) = 1.46, n.s., where the mean for negative attitudes toward lesbian for Buddhist is 2.65 (SD=0.76), and 2.42 (SD=0.67) for Chris