The Negative Uses Of Technology In Academic Education ...

It is stated based on the observations of atlantic.com† The study examined three years of a foundational pharmaceutics course, required for all doctor of pharmacy (Pharm.D.) students attending UNC. In 2011, Mumper taught the course in a standard, PowerPoint-aided lecture format. In 2012 and 2013, he taught it using â€Å"flipped† methods. Student performance on an identical final exam improved by 2.5 percent between 2011 and 2012—results now in press at Academic Medicine—and by an additional 2.6 percent in 2013. Overall, student performance on an identical final exam improved between 2011 and 2013 by 5.1 percent. Students also came to prefer the flipped model to the lecture model. While 75 percent of students in 2012 said, before Mumper’s†¦show more content†¦What are the downfalls?† He answered â€Å"I think that technology is often a thing that people tend to look over because of the negatives. Negatives like, getting distracted or cheating. But I think that tech in the classroom is a good idea because it promotes the attention of a student. Like me for example, I hate reading out of a textbook but when I read it online, I tend to not have a problem really. It’s like when my computer or phone is in front of me, I can get work done faster and better than I would[could] without them.† However, many teachers believe that introducing students to technology is harmful to the classrooms’ environment. They believe that technology encourages laziness, has the potential to be expensive, and that it interferes with student’s interaction within the classroom as it is easily distracting. In order for technology to be properly used in the classroom, teachers must first seek to involve technology usage within the classroom. This idea comes primarily because the rules of a teacher are seen as â€Å"golden† and cannot be trifled with on any occasion as such forcing the student to subm it to the rules. Integrating technology must come as a want from the teacher in order to adequately influence on the student to complete task when utilizing technology. In short, the teacher must first seek to include technology within their lessons and then incorporate restrictions in order to keep their students on taskShow MoreRelatedImpacts of Technology Dependency on the Academic Performance of Usls Students1490 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Technology is a gift of God. After the gift of life it is perhaps the greatest of Gods gifts. It is the mother of civilizations, of arts and of sciences. - Freeman Dyson Technology plays an important role in every sphere of life. It has certainly changed the way we live in different aspects of life and redefined living. Several sectors like medicine, warfare, transportation and navigation, business, economy, and even in education particularly in science and mathematicsRead MoreTechnology And Technology842 Words   |  4 PagesThe internet and technology usage in classrooms has both a positive and a negative influence upon students. Students have a better opportunity for learning due to the wide variety of apps and the usage of the search engine to help students find more information and learn more. The negative effect that technology has upon students is reflected in their school work and education, also causing students to get addicted and finding the constant need to be texting. In classrooms, students could go on otherRead Moreeffects of having nearby computer shops in Capitol University1417 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Introduction A computer is a crucial component of the academic success of a student. Whether it is a laptop or a desktop, a computer offers a unique platform to gain the most up-to-date information and to analyze the use of that information for school projects. Additionally, computers help students grow accustomed to writing professional material, like resumes when preparing for the workforce. Technology has developed so much that it is almost crucial to have electronic devices  particularlyRead MoreImpact Of Globalisation On Higher Education1388 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalisation is the evolution of society which affect human life, education is one of those, especially in postgraduate degrees which receive the most influence from globalisation. The development in technologies and communication have produced a shift in learning system which affect cultures and national economic growth. Higher education systems has been transformed by globalisation, which is â€Å"the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness† (Held et al., 1999, p.14). WhenRead MoreThe Greatest Communication Revolution Of The Internet For Educational Purposes1567 Words   |  7 PagesRecent studies have indicated that students nowadays spend a considerable amount of time on the Internet for educational purposes. (Lenhart, Madden Hitlin, 2005) Today, nobody discusses the importance of technology in the actual life; it has become the greatest communication revolution since the invention of printing. Human being uses in their everyday behaviour an immense rage of contributions of technology, it can be refer to the simplest such as mobile phone, clock, books, newspaper that givesRead MoreDistance Education Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesDistance education has changed and grown a lot from external studies and correspondence education during the last century. Distance education has become a recognized phenomenon today, thanks to technology which has shortened the physical distances. DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION The evolution of Distance education could be divided in four periods. The first period was from 1850 to 1960, this generation used correspondence classes which used radio and instructional television. The secondRead MoreEducational Issue Involving Adolescents . Many People Blame1695 Words   |  7 Pagesparents first thing if a child is having academic issues. However, although the parents do play a major part, they are not the only reason children may be struggling in school. There are many factors that cause educational issues with adolescents in addition to parental involvement. These factors include: peer relations/bullying, substance abuse, young parenthood, technology use, stereotyping, racial judgements, and socioeconomic status. According to a study conducted by Aprile D. Benner, Alaina ERead MoreThe Explosion Of Technology On The Education Scene1667 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition of key Terminology/Background The explosion of technology on the education scene in the past few decades has been enormous. Toward the end of 20th century, one of the most frequent suggestions educational leaders made for improving schools was the integration of technology into teaching and learning processes (Henson, 2010, p.63). Mercelle (2000) defined ICT as â€Å"complex and heterogeneous set of good applications and services used for producing, distributing, processing and transformingRead MorePositive And Negative Impact Of Technology Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Technology have a positive or negative effective on America’s future education system? Livening in today’s age we see the use of technology everywhere. People are constantly on their phones, looking for the newest update on life. We have heard about the positive and negative impacts of technology in our society. However, how has this affected our schools teaching environment? Studies have shown that technology advancement is the way of the future. Firstly, technology has had a high influenceRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Higher Education1631 Words   |  7 Pagesvarying from study to entertainment. This immediate prevalence of globalization plays an increasingly vital role in higher education and creates opportunities for people to continue taking advanced studies (Altbach, 2004). Altbach (2004) points out that it is inevitable that globalization will have some effects on higher education due to the rapid development of economy, technology as well as science. In order to survive and achieve a significant position in the academic field, higher education has begun

Henry Viiis Solliloquy In Henry Viii By William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare, even in death, remains a wordsmith of sorts. With the aid of innovative diction, knack for repetition, and allusions and metaphors alike, he has intrigued audiences with his eerily human concepts for centuries. To highlight a piece in particular, I turn to Shakespeare’s play of Henry VIII and his portrayal of a man known as Cardinal Wolsey, in which we are informed of his seemingly sudden dismissal from the King’s court. In this selected soliloquy, Shakespeare’s unique sense of voice is exercised in a form that evokes multiple dimensions of emotion. Not only is there the overlying element of displeasure, but an additional tone of vengefulness and uncertainty within his certainty. This is aided by implementing phrases†¦show more content†¦For example, by indirectly putting himself in a comparable boat to the devil himself, one might think that the Cardinal attempted to overstep the boundaries separating himself and the King as Lucifer did on to God. A sense of irony can also be drawn from this particular allusion seeing as Cardinal Wolsey most likely did not mean to paint himself as the villain in reference to his dismissal from the King’s side, he more or less was going for comparison in the magnitude of his fall from â€Å"power† to that of Lucifer’s. In this case, one is left indefinite when it comes to the validity of the Cardinal’s side of this said tale. Perhaps Cardinal Wolsey repeated the efforts of Lucifer, having attempted to replace or, even so, rise above the King. A concluding element to be touched on, but certainly not to the limitation of Shakespeare’s work, is the insistent use of repetition in this piece. Through Cardinal Wolsey’s baffled manner it is safe to assume that this change was all too sudden for the likes of him, maybe even to a level of dumbfoundedness. Choice phrases such as the likes of: farewell, good, frost, glory, princes, and he falls al lude to a state of disbelief and, frankly, utter confusion not apart from that of an inflated ego. Shakespeare’s crafted conversational pieces provide two varied glances into Wolsey’s persona, one that supports the way he positively reflects upon himself, and the other that paints him

Plutus Payroll and Associated Companies Case Study- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePlutus Payroll and Associated Companies Case Study. Answer: Introduction Plutus payroll is an Australian company which was so far used by larger organizations in Australia to pay the contractors on roll or to pay the people who were working as freelance workers. The company (Plutus payroll) on the other hand was owned by Synep in which the son of deputy tax commissioner (ATO) was both a secretary and director. The corporate veil Issue The issue revolves around the status of the Plutus Payroll as a separate entity. Rule The concept of corporate veil was entrenched in the English company law. In the case of Salomon vs. A Salomon Co. Ltd (1897) the English upper house has decided that once a company is formed based on whatever means the company would be regarded for all purpose a separate entity in the eyes of legal parlance and existence of such an entity cant be questioned1. A company established under legal provisions would run as a separate entity different from those people or members and shareholders who have formed the company and thus a legal entity would emerge on its own to undertake legal business activities2. However, a company being a non-natural person -would not be able to run itself and thus it would need the help of natural persons to run its affairs for all practical purpose. Even though the law allows the judicial person to own assets in its own name the same would be signed by natural persons acting as directors etc. on behalf of the company under the seal of the company. As a res ult, a company can be capable of suing others for misconduct and other persons dealing with a company can also sue a company in case of a dispute and misconduct3. Footnotes: 1. Hannigan, B. (2017). Company Law (4th ed.). London: Oxfrd foundation. 2. Worthington, S. (2016). Sealy Worthington's Text, Cases, and Materials in Company Law (11th ed.). Brighton: Oxford University Press. 3. French, D. (2016). Company Law (Thirty-fourth edition ed.). London: Oxford University Press. Application In the case of Lee v. Lees Air Farming Ltd (1961) the court held that a person can act in dual capacity if there is a valid and legal contract between the company and the worker concerned and thus allowed a single person to act as am employee and a director. The gist of the case was that a company once registered as a company under the relevant provisions of the act would have all the powers to act as a separate entity for all legally applied purpose4. Salomon Co Ltd was a duly registered company under the relevant provisions of Companies Act 1862 of United Kingdom and form the case the followings have emerged: (a) a company would have all the rights as natural person in owning its separate properties. (b) a company would also have the right to incur debts and issue debts in the market on its own and it would solely be liable for its own debts5. (c) A company would be allowed to make contracts with employees of the company and outsiders as well which was reasserted in the case of Lee v. Lees Air Farming Ltd (1961). (d) Because a company is regarded as a separate entity or judicial person it would can commit crimes and torts. Conclusion Thus, it is quite clear that while the ruling in the case of Salomon v. A Salomon Co. Ltd (1897) provided the legal sanctity to the companies, the same also provided a legal option of trying to ascertain if the companies are doing their activities legally or they have engaged themselves in illegal activities which has been prohibited under provisions of other laws of the state. If it is ever found that the companies concerned have been engaged in illegal and other activities which are not endorsed by law the real activities of a company like Plutus payroll can be checked thoroughly for breach of law6. Thus, it can be said that Plutus payroll being a registered entity in Australia enjoyed the privilege of being a corporate entity and thus also enjoyed the concept of separate legal entity as endorsed in the above case settlements beforehand. Footnotes: Bredeson, D. A. (2013). Business law and the Legal environment . Chicago: south western Cengage Learning. Taylor, C. (2016). Company Law - Law Express (4th ed.). london: Pearson Education Limited. Roach, L. (2017). Company law- Guide and Revision (4th ed.). Leicester: Oxford University Press. Piercing the corporate veil Issue The issue is to find whether the corporate veil shall be lifted for the Plutus payroll company to see the real operations undertaken by the company. Rule Thus, a company being considered a separate entity form those who comprises of the same would have the authority to undertake such actions which would be deemed to be necessary to run the activities and achieve the goals of the company(Taylor, 2016). However, a company being a non-natural person (company is regarded as a judicial entity only) would not be able to run itself and thus it would need the help of natural persons to run its affairs for all practical purpose. Because the company depends upon the human help, the same can be undertaken with dubious intentions sometimes and thus it would be necessary in such cases to look beyond the veil in which the company acts and operates to separate the goals and real activities form each other. If it is found that the actual activities of the company involve anything which defeats the purpose of the law then the company can be prosecuted and liquidated(shepherd, 2016). The lifting of corporate evil can be done in the following cases: a) The veil of a company can be lifted by the state for protecting revenue of the state. Thus a companys veil of being a separate entity can be lifted if its suspected of being used as means of evading taxes as proved in the case of Adams V Cape Industries Plc ,1990 and DHN Food Distributors Ltd V Tower Hamlets London Borough,1976. b) Corporate veil can also be lifted to determine if the company concerned is a case of being an enemy company which means the company is being run by people who are citizens of another country which is at war with Australia. Footnotes Hargovan, J. H. (2014). Australian Corporate Law. Melbourne: Lexis Nexis. Howard, L. (2013). Corporaete law and cases. UNSC LAW Journal, 24(2), 34-42. The corporate veil of the entity can also be lifted to find out if the entity has been operating in a manner so as to avoid its legal obligations. The corporate veil of the company being a separate entity can be lifted in circumstances under which it is suspected that the company is being run in a manner to defraud the respective state and the government in general and is actually sham institution as seen in the case of Gilford motor co v Horne ltd (1933)9 Application Plutus payroll was one of those legitimate payroll companies in Australia which undertook payroll duties and was used by many larger companies in Australia for paying contractors and freelance workers. Plutus accepted funds from over a few dozen companies to pay the contractors of the respective companies. The payments were then transferred to 7 tier 2 or those companies which were sub-contracted by Plutus. These tier 2 companies then processed the payments to the concerned contractors. It was found that the tier 2 companies (sub-contracted companies) were run by people who were acting as directors has very little idea or knew nothing about these companies. The operations of these companies were run by members of crime syndicates in Australia10. These tier two companies were paying the contractors of the client companies these companies were required to submit the PAYG taxes to the Australian tax office (acting on behalf of the client companies). The tax authorities found that the tier 2 companies were paying the Australian tax office only a small portion and deflating and hiding the balance of the due tax. The balance of the due taxes was cleverly siphoned off by the crime syndicate members to their own accounts and otherwise for being used for personal gain. Some of the companies which were used to transfer illegitimate payments were found to be present in the same building and run by fictitious persons11. Footnotes Tomasic, R., Bottomley, S., McQueen, R. (2014). Corporaiton Law in Australia (2nd ed.). Melbourne: The Federaiton Press. Harris, J. (2015). Company Law: Theories, Principles and Applications (2nd ed.). Sydney: lexis-Nexis. Kraakman, R., Armour, J. (2017). Anatomy of Corporate LAw-A functional apporach. London: oxford University press. Because of this discovery the accounts of the Plutus payroll was suspended by the Australian tax office and the same caused non-payments complaints from thousands of contractors or freelance workers engaged in the IT sector. Thousands of complaints later action was taken Australian tax office which found the son of the deputy tax commissioners involved in running of the company (Plutus payroll) and working both as a director and employee (secretary)12. It is believed that a private equity firm SYNEP was the owner of the firm Plutus Payroll and the company was chaired by Adam Cranston who was found to be the son of ATO deputy commissioner Michael Cranston. These revelations have brought the questions of law into operation which must be used to lift the corporate veil surrounding the existence of and operations of Plutus payroll. Conclusion The management of the Plutus payroll have been engaged in the business operations in a manner which is contrary to the legal provisions of the Australian corporation Act, 2001 ad others and the activities are believed to have been carried in manner to defraud the Australian government. There exists enough evidence of suggesting fraudulent activities being carried in the name of a maze of companies and tier -2 operatives in the name of Plutus payroll company13. Thus, there is enough reason to believe that Plutus was arranged in the manner which was discovered has been carried out with sole intention of avoiding paying taxes and enriching personal coffers of some of these involved in the payment of payroll and those people are the people who bankrolled Plutus in the first place. Thus, it becomes the duty of the ATO and other legal departments to lift the veil of the Plutus Payroll and find out how the operations were carried by the management and under what pretext. The true facts would only emerge only when the corporate evil is taken off and investigations bring out the true operators behind the fraudulent behavior14. Footnotes Croese, J. H. (2016). CORPORATE AND COMMERCIAL LAW (2nd ed.). Melbourne: CCH Austrlalia. Dignam, A., Lowry, J. (2015). Company Law (9th ed.). London : Oxford university Press . Tomasic, R., Bottomley, S., McQueen, R. (2014). Corporaiton Law in Australia (2nd ed.). Melbourne: The Federaiton Press. Director duties Issue The issue is to find out if the directors of the Plutus Payroll acted within legal sanctions. Rule Directors of any company would be expected to company with the internal regulations of the company and exercise their powers only in the direction for which they were authorized. Directors are in fact stand in a fiduciary position which means the directors cant use the position in which they were in for their own benefit Towers v Premier Waste Management Ltd[2011] and must use the power to make sure they work for the overall benefit of the shareholders and the employees of the company. Under s180(1) the directors involved must also use due care and diligence in doing their duty. The same has been established in the case of (ASIC) v Cassimatis (No. 8) [2016] FCA 1023 where the directors were found to be in breach of their duty to undertake acts with due care and diligence15. Application The directors of Plutus has had the primary duty of paying the payrolls of the contractors on behalf of tis clients and there is no known reason to know why the same operations were transferred to the sub-contractors in the first place16. Conclusion It was the duty of the Plutus management to oversee the payment operations went on smoothly and make sure payments are done in a timely manner when they have sub-contracted the payment work to others. Tax deductions would have been made by Plutus and not the sub-contractors and the same should have be complied with by the management of the Plutus payroll itself17. Thus, there is enough reason to believe that the directors of the Plutus payroll violated established principles and were explicitly involved in diversion of funds with an intention to avoid payment of taxes18. Footnotes Armour, J. (2015). Essential Corporate Law. London: oxford University press. Beatty, J. F. (2013). Business Law and Leagal Environment (6th ed.). Newyork: South Western Cengage Learning. Stephen, B. (2015). Foundations of Taxation Law (5th ed.). Melbourne: CCH Australia Limited. Coleman, K. S. (2016). Principles of taxation law (6th ed.). Pyrmont, N.S.W: Thomson Reuters. Bibliography Armour, J. (2015). Essential Corporate Law. London: oxford University press. Beatty, J. F. (2013). Business Law and Leagal Environment (6th ed.). Newyork: South Western Cengage Learning. Bredeson, D. A. (2013). Business law and the Legal environment . Chicago: south western Cengage Learning. coleman, K. S. (2016). Principles of taxation law (6th ed.). Pyrmont, N.S.W: Thomson Reuters. Croese, J. H. (2016). CORPORATE AND COMMERCIAL LAW (2nd ed.). Melbourne: CCH Austrlalia. Dignam, A., Lowry, J. (2015). Company Law (9th ed.). London : Oxford university Press . French, D. (2016). Company Law (Thirty-fourth edition ed.). London: Oxford University Press. Hannigan, B. (2017). Company Law (4th ed.). London: Oxfrd foundation. Hargovan, J. H. (2014). Australian Corporate Law. Melbourne: Lexis Nexis. Harris, J. (2015). Company Law: Theories, Principles and Applications (2nd ed.). Sydney: lexis-Nexis. Howard, L. (2013). Corporaete law and cases. UNSC LAW Journal, 24(2), 34-42. Kraakman, R., Armour, J. (2017). Anatomy of Corporate LAw-A functional apporach. London: oxford University press. Roach, L. (2017). Company law- Guide and Revision (4th ed.). Leicester: Oxford University Press. shepherd, c. (2016). Key Cases: Company Law - Key Cases (3rd ed.). BRIGHTON: aylor Francis Ltd. Stephen, B. (2015). Foundations of Taxation Law (5th ed.). Melbourne: CCH Australia Limited. Taylor, C. (2016). Company Law - Law Express (4th ed.). london: Pearson Education Limited. Tomasic, R., Bottomley, S., McQueen, R. (2014). Corporaiton Law in Australia (2nd ed.). Melbourne: The Federaiton Press. Worthington, S. (2016). Sealy Worthington's Text, Cases, and Materials in Company Law (11th ed.). Brighton: Oxford University Press.

The sunny side of Joyce Carol Oates Essay Example For Students

The sunny side of Joyce Carol Oates Essay Joyce Carol Oates has always been drawn to the underside of the American imagination. Serial killers, rapists and youth gangs stalk the pages of her novels, and scenes of domestic violence, economic deprivation, loneliness and rage are commonplace. The emotional climate is intense; the language often unflinching; the vision corrosive, even apocalyptic. Now the writer once called the Dark Lady of American Letters has stepped into sunlight. The Perfectionist, which premiered at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton, N.J. last October, was Joyce Carol Oatess first romantic comedy, and it came complete with a cast of good-hearted characters, a cheerful suburban setting and all the happy contrivances that go with the genre. The whole enterprise was rather unlikely and disconcerting, as if Jane Austen or Madame de Stael had suddenly turned herself into Jean Kerrand no less surprising is how Oates mastered the rudiments of Broadway light comedy without ever having seen one. There are, to be sure, a few discordant rumblings along the way as well as some of the disruptive impulses that underline the rest of the novelists workintimations of illness, death and drug dependency, an accusation of rape and at one point the threat of castrationbut the genial comic spirit she has called into spirit manages to hold the dark clouds at bay. We will write a custom essay on The sunny side of Joyce Carol Oates specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now So just what were the circumstances that brought this most uncharacteristic worka kind of screwball comedy for the intelligentsia, the suburban and tenuredinto being? Oates provides a multi-tiered explanation, beginning with proximity to the McCarter (she is currently the Roger S. Berlind Distinguished Professor in the Humanities at Princeton University) and her close friendship with Emily Mann, the theatres artistic director. It was always understood that I would try to write something that might be suitable for the McCarter. Emily has always been very receptive to my work and I think because of her presence here I was encouraged to write a kind of play I would not have otherwise attempted. I also love to learn new things, and for me The Perfectionist is an experiment in genre. Finally, Oates offers what may be the best reason of all for such a play: Life isnt all discord and anguish. There really are romances in the world, she ventures. People fall in love. Every day. While her literary reputation rests securely on her prose fiction, Oates is becoming a conspicuous presence in American theatre. She is particularly active during the current seasonwhich also finds her on terrain more familiar than the sunny realm of The Perfectionist. Black, a scalding drama of racial confrontation, will open March 7 in New York at Womens Project and Productions. Oatess 1972 play Ontological Proof of My Existence, about a kidnapper who struggles to possess a young girl while offering her for sale to the highest bidder, was revived by Chicagos Thunder Road Ensemble in November. I Stand Before You Naked, a collage-play first presented at New Yorks American Place Theatre in 1990, is entering its second year at the Theatre Marie Stuart in Paris. Oates also recently completed a libretto for an opera based on her 1991 novella Black Water, a fictive retelling of the Chappaquiddick incident, which is to receive its world premiere in 1995 at the American Music Theater Festival of Philadelphia, as well as a screenplay for Martin Scorsese. She is currently at work on another full-length drama titled Bad Girls. The present season promises numerous performances of her one-act plays (I love short plays because they get immediately to the drama, she remarks), which have proved extremely popular with college and small theatre groups because of their small casts and minimal production requirements. But ironically, of all her recent projects, it is the one set closest to home that seems to have elicited the greatest creative stretch. Oates admits she would have really preferred to fashion. The Perfectionist as more of a brittle Restoration-type comedy. More sentimental and romantic comedy is not my own taste. I did graduate studies in English, so I read Restoration drama, and I admire Congreve and Wycherly immensely. But those comedies are so hard. The Perfectionist is set in a place like Princeton, it has people in it who I know, and I didnt have the hardness of heart to do that. .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .postImageUrl , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:hover , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:visited , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:active { border:0!important; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:active , .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0 .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d040388acd5a5bbe7d62e28edddf0b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Evaluation of Live Theatre: Nation EssayPart of the plays charm is that those on either side of the curtain are part of the same community, and the knowing laughter of Princeton audiences, who were quick to identify the comedys familiar types and catch its thinly veiled references, fairly set the theatre spinning. It is not too much of an exaggeration to say that one walked out of the McCarter, which sits on the edge of the universitys neatly clipped greensward, into the very world one had left behind. Oates says she has been interested in drama as long as she can remember, though the circumstances of her formative years allowed her no direct contact with the stage. I grew up in a rural community in upstate. New York and we were so far from any kind of theatre. Drama wasnt taught but I remember reading Eugene ONeil and Tennessee Williams when I was in high school. I began going to the theatre when I went to college in the late 1950s. I saw wonderful plays on BroadwayRashomon and Tea and Sympathy and Archibald MacLeishs J.B., which was quite an experience because it was a verse drama and a tragedy. Oatess initiation into the theatre came in 1965 (It all began so long agoits almost like another lifetime) when the director Frank Corsaro, sensing something dramatic in her published short stories, commissioned her first play, The Sweet Enemy, for the Actors Studio Workshop. Other theatre pieces followed from time to time during the next two decades, most of them produced Off Broadway. In 1990 she received a commission from Jon Jory and Actors Theatre of Louisville, and for the first time became an active participant in the theatrical process. I never had much experience being in the theatre and working at rehearsals. Louisville got me started at that. Since then Ive been writing plays virtually all the time. During the past three years her work has been seen at New Yorks American Place Theatre, Ensemble Studio Theatre and the Contemporary American Play Festival, Massachusetts Williamstown Theatre Festival, and Connecticuts Long Wharf Theatre. Oates speaks of writing plays and writing novels as two entirely separate disciplines. Its the difference between swimming and jogging. Both are exercises and can be very rewarding, but they use completely different muscles. The challenge of the theatre is to make the characters vivid enough to be alive on stage and carry the weight of the action. The prose narrative voice doesnt require this; youre telling a story. A play is also about forward momentum, and Oates likens its workings to that of an automobile. It has to move. You can have a very beautiful Rolls Royce but if something is wrong with its engine and it just sits in the driveway, youd be better off with another car that moves. Of course, content matters too, but Ive learned that in the theatre pacing and velocity are very important. If people are falling asleep, you fail. She typically begins a play by imagining an empty stage or room in which something will happen. It takes a long while. I sit and fantasize. The characters are sort of there and they start moving around and talking. Its not like prose narrative. I cant tell the storythey have to tell their own stories. Usually I do the page over and over in my typewriter, reading it faster and faster to imagine visually how it will play on stage and so I hear the voices. Im always listening. In writing for the theatre, Oates must not only relinquish the controlling authorial voice of fictionwhat she calls the prose writers sheltering cocoon of languagebut also her carefully shaped texts into the hands of others to alter and interpret. One might think that an author known to weigh each word and every piece of punctuationand who acknowledges that she is in large part the perfectionist of her recent plays titlewould yield up her creations with a certain reluctance, but this is not the case; she gives herself over to the collaborators freely and without hesitation. In fact, surrendering a play to anothers imagination is part of what arouses her excitement about the theatre, for without voices other than ones own, she believes, a playwright cannot truly experience his or her work. (The joy of theatre, she recently told an interviewer, is coming to a director or to actors with a work you thought was more or less finished, then having them read it and realizing how much more wo rk you have to do.) When well-meaning people ask if it isnt troubling to have her characters taken over by other people her reply has always been, But isnt that the point of writing for the theatre? .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .postImageUrl , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:hover , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:visited , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:active { border:0!important; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:active , .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295 .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d3c50ed4c9a083e439bb118a60b2295:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Garrick Theatre EssayOates also prides herself on being a good collaborator. Emily who has come up against a few protective playwrights in her time, recalls that whenever she requested cuts or alterationsin one instance the elimination of an entire sceneOates would invariably reply, Just do it. (I am the most agreeable of playwrights, Oates once declared. To be any more agreeable, I would have to be posthumous.) Collaboration does, however, exact a toll. While Oates enjoys returning to the production to monitor the fluctuating response of the audience and the subtle changes from night to night as the company settles into the play, she admits to experiencing a sense of distance from the self-contained world she has set in motion. I dont feel Im the creator of those people up there. Theyre getting all the laughs and having the fun. Theyre getting all the laughs and having the fun. Im just a spectator. Its like Im standing at a great distance and the little raft is drifting away. Athough she has been writing plays for nearly 30 years, Oates still speaks of herself as a beginning playwright and a novice in the theatre, and her regard for its practitioners seems positively wide-eyed. She got a big laugh at a post-performance discussion a few days after the opening of The Perfectionist when she told the audience that shes still somewhat amazed that actors can memorize their lines and they come out sounding spontaneous. Her fascination with the live performer is clearly part of what keeps drawing her back to the theatre. Im really in awe of actors, in awe of their creativity, energy and courage. Its also a hard life for them. Im a professor; I have a contract and a place, but an actor, even a good actorwhere will he or she be in a year? While Oates is interested in all the details of the theatre, especially the art of the director, she senses her limits: Im not like David Mamet or Sam Shepard, who have actually staged their own plays. I wouldnt be able to direct a play of mine and I wouldnt want to. To me that would be like trying to do my own brain surgery. The more one is around the theatre the more ideas one gets for the stage, Oates recently told an interviewer, and her activities bear this out. She continues to produce one or two novels a year (she has published 23 to date, in addition to countless volumes of short stories, poetry and essaysthe late John Gardner once referred to her as that alarming phenomenon), but her newfound passion for playwriting has cut deeply into other activities: I dont do a lot of short stories or book reviews anymore. Ive already stopped writing poetry. Now I tend to do mainly plays. Oates also likes to keep abreast of whats going on in contemporary theatre; she maintains friendships with people in the profession, reads plays of all kinds and attends theatre regularly, though less in New York than in London, where several times a year she and her husband have a splurge of threatregoingtwo plays a day if we can. Drama, Oates writes in her most recent collection of plays, remains our highest communal celebration of the mystery of being, and of our being together, in relationships we struggle to define, and which define us. It makes the point, ceaselessly, that our lives are now, there is no history that is not now. For the present, one of our preeminent novelists will continue to enter that now, testing her protean talents and giving herself over to the reimaginings of others in that perilous if often exhilarating corner of the literary endeavor where the sheerly imaginary meets the inconstestably real.